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Experiment No. N

Analysis of Ammonium Hydroxide (NH₄OH)

Aim

To determine the presence of anion and cation in the given salt

Preliminary Test

Odor: Odorless
Texture: Crystalline
Color: White
Solubility: Soluble in water

Test of Anion

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Universal Indicator	Solution turns blue or purple	OH⁻ may be present
Confirmatory Test
Phenolphthalein Test Add phenolphthalein indicator to salt solution	Solution turns pink	OH⁻ is confirmed

Test of Cation

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Take 0.1 g of salt and add 1–2 mL of NaOH solution, then heat	A smell of ammonia is evolved	NH₄⁺ may be present
Bring a glass rod dipped in hydrochloric acid near the mouth of the test tube	Dense white fumes are observed	NH₄⁺ may be present
Confirmatory Test
Nessler's Reagent Test Pass the evolved gas through Nessler’s reagent	Brown colouration or a brown precipitate of basic mercury(II) amido-iodide is obtained	Presence of NH₄⁺ is confirmed

Result

The given salt contains NH₄⁺ ions as cation and OH⁻ ions as anion. The salt is NH₄OH.

Precautions

Handle the chemicals with care.
Don't use excess of chemicals.
Keep the mouth of the test tube away from the face.