To determine the presence of anion and cation in the given salt
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|
| Take 0.1 g of salt and add conc. H₂SO₄ | A colourless gas is evolved which gives dense white fumes with ammonia | Cl⁻ may be present |
| Confirmatory Tests | ||
| Concentrated H₂SO₄ and MnO₂ Test Take a pinch of MnO₂ in salt solution and add 3–4 drops of conc. H₂SO₄, then heat | Greenish yellow chlorine gas is evolved | Presence of Cl⁻ is indicated |
| Silver Nitrate Test Acidify 1 mL of sodium carbonate extract with dilute HNO₃ (or use water extract) and add AgNO₃ solution | Curdy white precipitate soluble in NH₄OH | Cl⁻ is confirmed |
| Chromyl Chloride Test Take a little salt with solid K₂Cr₂O₇, add conc. H₂SO₄, heat. Pass the evolved gas through sodium hydroxide solution, divide into two parts. Acidify one part with acetic acid and add lead acetate solution | The sodium hydroxide solution becomes yellow; adding acetic acid and lead acetate gives yellow precipitate of lead chromate | Cl⁻ is confirmed |
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|
| Take 0.1 g of salt and add 1–2 mL of NaOH solution, then heat | A smell of ammonia is evolved | NH₄⁺ may be present |
| Bring a glass rod dipped in hydrochloric acid near the mouth of the test tube | Dense white fumes are observed | NH₄⁺ may be present |
| Confirmatory Test | ||
| Nessler's Reagent Test Pass the evolved gas through Nessler’s reagent | Brown colouration or a brown precipitate of basic mercury(II) amido-iodide is obtained | Presence of NH₄⁺ is confirmed |
The given salt contains NH₄⁺ ions as cation and Cl⁻ ions as anion. The salt is NH₄Cl.