Notebook Theme

Experiment No. N

Analysis of Aluminium Carbonate ((Al)₂(CO₃)₃)

Aim

To determine the presence of anion and cation in the given salt

Preliminary Test

  • Odor: Odorless
  • Texture: Crystalline
  • Color: White
  • Solubility: Soluble in water

Test of Anion

ExperimentObservationInference
Take 0.1 g of salt, add 1–2 mL of dilute H₂SO₄Colourless odourless gas is evolved with brisk effervescence; lime water turns milkyCO₃²⁻ may be present
Confirmatory Tests
Lime Water Test
Pass the gas through lime water
Lime water turns milky; milkiness disappears on excess gasCO₃²⁻ is confirmed
Sodium Nitroprusside Test
Take 1 mL water extract or sodium carbonate extract, make it alkaline with dilute NH₄OH, then add a drop of sodium nitroprusside
Purple or violet colouration is producedCO₃²⁻ is confirmed

Test of Cation

ExperimentObservationInference
Original solution + Dil. HCl + NH₄Cl solid + NH₄OHWhite gelatinous precipitateAl³⁺ may be present
Confirmatory Tests
Dissolve white precipitate in dilute HCl and divide into two partsTo the first part, add sodium hydroxide and warm. A white gelatinous precipitate dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide solutionAluminium is confirmed
Blue Lake Test
To the second part, add few drops of blue litmus solution and then NH₄OH dropwise along the sides of the test tube
A blue floating mass appears in colourless solutionPresence of Al³⁺ is confirmed

Result

The given salt contains Al³⁺ ions as cation and CO₃²⁻ ions as anion. The salt is (Al)₂(CO₃)₃.

Precautions

  1. Handle the chemicals with care.
  2. Don't use excess of chemicals.
  3. Keep the mouth of the test tube away from the face.